Description
O Programa Água Doce é uma ação do Governo Federal, coordenada pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional que visa estabelecer uma política pública permanente de acesso à água de qualidade para o consumo humano por meio do aproveitamento sustentável de águas subterrâneas, incorporando cuidados técnicos, ambientais e sociais na implantação e gestão de sistemas de dessalinização de águas no semiárido brasileiro, levando-se em consideração a característica da presença de sais nas águas subterrâneas desta região. Atualmente o Programa Água Doce atende os estados de Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Piauí, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe.
O programa utiliza a tecnologia de dessalinização para promover o aproveitamento sustentável de poços com águas salobras e salinas localizados em comunidades rurais, no Semiárido brasileiro. O Programa Água Doce já atendeu 62 dos 278 municípios do Semiárido baiano. O município de Mansidão aguarda o atendimento de outros municípios mais críticos da Bahia.
Assim, o modelo de gestão adotado pelo Programa Água Doce, que é baseado na "gestão compartilhada dos sistemas", pode ser adaptado para solução de conflitos e atendimento de qualquer comunidade onde haja um agrupamento mínimo de 20 famílias. Salienta-se que o critério de seleção das comunidades, baseado no Índice de Condição de Acesso à Água (ICAA), que utiliza os parâmetros de IDH-M, mortalidade infantil, pluviometria, intensidade de pobreza e ocorrência de águas salobras ou salinas no subsolo pode ser adaptado para as condições de qualquer país. Conclui-se que o projeto de engenharia que utiliza estruturas simples e de fácil construção facilita a implantação e o atendimento de comunidades remotas. Esclarece-se também que a implantação de um sistema de dessalinização do Programa Água Doce deve observar os seguintes requisitos mínimos, a saber: A comunidade deve possuir acesso à energia elétrica. A comunidade deve possuir um agrupamento mínimo de 20 famílias num raio de 1 Km. A comunidade deve possuir uma fonte perene de água a ser dessalinizada. Informa-se, ainda, que a metodologia do Programa Água Doce está consolidada em seu Documento Base e em publicações complementares que atualizam o seu conteúdo.
Criteria 10/11
- ACCESSIBILITY
- ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 1,3,4,6 AND/OR 11
- RACE AND GENDER ISSUES
- ATTENTION TO CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
- LOW COST
- SOCIAL DIFFUSION
- ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY
- ADHERENCE AND CONTINUITY AT LOCAL LEVEL
- WASH INITIATIVE
- CLIMATE RESILIENCE
- SUSTAINABILITY
Due to its direct action in the territories, the program has a direct relationship with the states that benefit from the program through the respective regional secretariats that are responsible for the agenda of basic sanitation, water resources and the environment.
Rural communities in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Regional: The Program serves more than 1200 communities in 253 municipalities distributed among the states: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Piauí, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe.
Currently, they have 914 desalination systems in operation, which benefit about 218 thousand people with desalinated water, in the 253 municipalities.
Since 2012
As for the daily operation of the system, the shared management implemented by Fresh Water defines that a community member assumes the operation of the equipment, and the electricity costs are assumed by the municipality, or by the community itself according to the management agreement. To this end, in each community, the creation of a reserve fund is encouraged to cover operating costs (electricity and operator remuneration) and minor repairs, and each community establishes a monthly amount to be paid per family.
The desalination systems implemented so far have an installed capacity to produce about 3.6 million liters of potable water per day and directly benefit approximately 212 thousand people in the semi-arid rural area.
The technical requirements to serve a community are: a) Existence of a well with brackish or saline water; b) Electricity; c) Minimum grouping of 20 families within a radius of 1 km. The Fresh Water Program adopts the Water Access Condition Index - ICAA as a technical criterion for prioritizing the most critical municipalities regarding access to water for service. The ICAA is the result of a weighted average that uses the following information in its composition: a) Municipal Human Development Index – HDI-M (PNUD); b) Rainfall (CPTEC/INPE, 1961-1990); c) Infant Mortality Rate (DataSUS); d) Poverty Intensity (PNUD); e) Occurrence of brackish and saline groundwater (CPRM). With the exception of the HDI-M, which has weight 1, all other information has weight 2. This lower HDI-M score aims to reduce the influence of per capita income in the calculation of the ICAA and highlight the social conditions of the most deprived populations in our country. The ICAA ranges from 0 to 1, and the lower the index, the lower the conditions of access to water in the Brazilian semi-arid region and, therefore, the more critical the municipality.
After implementation, all desalination systems are visited quarterly for 12 months for preventive and corrective maintenance. In most cases, the same company that built the systems performs the maintenance.
Certain indicators such as number of municipalities served; number of families benefited; number of trained operators; number of systems in operation; water quality parameters are monitored. Other indicators, such as those related to health, are still being built and will be measured and evaluated at the end of the execution of the instruments signed with the states, which will happen, for the most part, in 2023.
The Fresh Water Program has an Information System that is continuously updated, where performance data can be accessed. The system can be reached through the following address: http://aguadoce.mdr.gov.br/.
Federal Resources: MDR
Average annual investment in the Fresh Water Program
YEAR AMOUNTS TRANSFERRED
2011 R$ 3,089,424.24
2012 R$ 20,782,338.62
2013 R$ 23,073,822.42
2014 R$ 87,474,189.22
2015 R$ 5,706,564.47
2016 R$ 38,823,742.38
2017 R$ 14,273,728.30
2018 R$ 3,201,897.09
2019 R$ 12,484,780.65
2020 R$ 18,920,589.58
TOTAL R$ 227,831,076.97
YEAR COMMITTED AMOUNTS
2021 R$ 59,538,291.09
2022 R$ 47,920,107.82
TOTAL R$ 107,458,398.91
